| Several major issues facing the world rubber industry in twenty-first Century |
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Several major issues facing the world rubber industry in twenty-first Century 1, environmental problems. Dust pollution has been the biggest problem of rubber industry. Especially the pollution transport, batching and mixing carbon black that is caused by operation workers and the surrounding environment suffer. Carbon black is the only best fit rubber reinforcing agent, no carbon black reinforced rubber, use value will be greatly reduced, even out of rubber products. Can be said that there is black, there is no rubber industry. But on the other hand, black brought on rubber production pollution, is the most major problem threatening the rubber industry. In order to solve this problem, closed transport batching and mixing way adopted by many rubber factory, production of carbon black to seal, to prevent the overflow pollution. This is the dust flying problems eased, but the investment of equipment and large power consumption to increase. At the same time, mixing equipment to enable the production of complex huge system, large mixer has the highest power reaches 3000KW, make originally were bothered by noise rubber factory, and the emergence of noise pollution. In addition, in the rubber mixing and curing process, the working temperature can reach 140 - 180 DEG c.. Glue to escape in a state of high temperature flue gas mist and often makes the operator difficulty breathing, and absorbs a lot of harmful substances in the body. Although many developed countries have banned the use of toxic antioxidant, vulcanization accelerator and plastic solution agent and complexing agent, to monitor gas and generation of rubber vulcanization process. But the complexity of the carcinogenic factor, since it is difficult to make a scientific conclusion. In recent years, with the increasingly high temperature vulcanization process, some even up to 200 DEG C, the harm to the environment and further increase the flue gas. In addition, organic solvent must use various rubber shoes, cloth, paste in the production process, most of them have great toxicity. A lot of these solvent volatilization, often make people with chronic poisoning. They not only worsen the production environment, but also easy to trigger a factory fire. And the used waste rubber products because of difficult recovery after, and no natural decomposition, in many countries has been pile up like a mountain hand. These waste rubber material, but also the formation of social effects of pollution. As can be seen above, the protective rubber production environment, the use of non polluting non-toxic materials, the production of environmental protection type rubber products, has become a major issue facing the world rubber industry. 2, the resource problem. Natural rubber has been regarded as one of the most important international strategic materials. As national defense military is extremely close, so the rubber industry is seen as a quasi military industry. But the current development of world rubber industry is restricted by some factors. First, natural rubber planting limited by geographic conditions is larger, its produce and sale is subject to the developed countries, the price ups and downs. The production of natural rubber world mostly concentrated in the southeast area of the tropical, wet, wind area. Planting region is restricted. In addition, the international rubber market dominated by the developed countries, the international market prices often fluctuate sharply. Tons of price of around $1000 rubber, a maximum of up to $2000, fell to the lowest 600 dollars, this situation often give the rubber enterprise production factors bring unpredictable. Second, natural rubber and the combination of product, from planting acquisition to processing production more constraints, long cycle (input output up to 5 - 7 years), low yield (highest 100 kg per mu). At the same time each year by natural disasters attack. The technology of extraction processing of natural rubber is relatively complicated, influenced by the tree species, age, region, season tapping method and processing technology, rubber quality changes have large, performance is not uniform. Synthetic rubber industry in third, by the oil crisis, the outlook is not optimistic. For synthetic rubber raw material source of big rubber industry in petroleum, as the downstream industry petroleum chemical raw materials, rubber industry about about 70% from petroleum resources. So the rubber industry is restricted by the oil situation in a very up to degree. But the oil resource is the non renewable resources, the current proven reserves of up to, only then 88 years, world petroleum resource shortage will seriously affect the development of rubber industry. 3, the disaster problem. Rubber industry is the coexistence of mechanical and chemical industry, both in dangerous environment, mechanical injury, high temperature, high pressure and chemical, inflammable, poisonous production characteristics. Disabling injury, poisoning personnel machine and factory equipment explosion, causing fire phenomena have occurred, and pose a serious threat and damage to the physical and mental health of workers and the property of the enterprise. 4, innovation problem. Rubber from the formation of industry since, although in the mechanization and automation has some development, but the basic production process, the main process equipment over the years did not appear fundamental reform. Rubber, rubber powder granulation, continuous mixer developed for half a century, eventually still cannot do without massive rubber and discontinuous mixed open mill, internal mixer. Rubber industry is long-term restricted by viscoelastic, difficult to realize the mechanization, automation, which is not conducive to the development of rubber industry modernization. Even in the rubber industry developed countries, per capita annual processing capacity now rubber is only 10 tons, labor productivity than other industrial sector is low, process for decades without big changes. Innovation, has now become the relationship of rubber industry of vital importance event. |
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